Ethylphenidate crystal rocks – More information
Ethylphenidate (also known as EPH) is a novel stimulant substance of the piperidine class that produces traditional stimulant effects when administered.
It is a closely related analog of methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta). The two substances have very similar pharmacological mechanisms but discernible differences in their subjective effects with ethylphenidate often considered to be recreational.
Ethylphenidate is most commonly distributed as a research chemical by online vendors, due to its grey-area legal status in certain countries.
clinical data
Common names | Ethylphenidate, EPH |
Substitutive name | Ethylphenidate |
Systematic name | Ethyl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate |
Psychoactive class | Stimulant |
Chemical class | Phenidate / Piperidine |
Ethylphenidate dosage table
Threshold | < 5 mg |
Light | 5 – 15 mg |
Common | 15 – 30 mg |
Strong | 30 – 50 mg |
Heavy | 50 mg+ |
Ethylphenidate effect progress
Total | 2 – 6 hours |
Chemistry
Ethylphenidate is a synthetic molecule of the substituted phenethylamine class. It contains a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino -NH2 group through an ethyl chain. It is structurally similar to amphetamine, featuring a substitution at Rα which is incorporated into a piperdine ring ending at the terminal amine of the phenethylamine chain. Additionally, it contains an ethyl acetate bound to R2 or its structure. Ethylphenidate is structurally differed to methylphenidate by elongation of the carbon chain. Ethyl- regards the side chain of two carbon atoms, phen- indicates the phenyl ring, id- is contracted from a piperidine ring, and -ate indicates the acetate group containing the oxygens. Ethylphenidate is a chiral compound, presumably produced as a racemic mixture.
Toxicity
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational ethylphenidate use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because ethylphenidate has a very limited history of human usage.
Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried ethylphenidate within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
It is worth noting that ethylphenidate crystals are particularly abrasive and somewhat caustic to mucous membranes. Careless use will deteriorate the chosen routes of administration so it is important to practice routine maintenance such as soaking the sinus cavity with water prior to and following insufflation.
It will also irritate lung tissue if inhaled, resulting in the production of phlegm and an irritated cough.
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.
Tolerance
As with other stimulants, the chronic use of ethylphenidate can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
Tolerance to many of the effects of ethylphenidate develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 – 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 – 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). ethylphenidate presents cross-tolerance with all dopaminergic stimulants, meaning that after the consumption of ethylphenidate all stimulants will have a reduced effect.
Psychosis
Abuse of compounds within the stimulant class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions). A review on treatment for amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely. The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, antipsychotic medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.
Legal status
Ethylphenidate is not controlled internationally and remains easily accessible through online research chemical vendors. It is, however, illegal or at least potentially illegal within certain jurisdictions, each of which are listed below:
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