Desoxypipradrol crystal rocks

Desoxypipradrol crystal rocks – More information

Desoxypipradrol (also known as 2-DPMP, 2-diphenylmethylpiperidine, or Ivory Wave) is a piperidine-based stimulant drug which is closely related to methylphenidate and pipradol.

Developed by Ciba in the 1950s and researched for applications such as the treatment of narcolepsy and ADHD; it was dropped from development after the related drug methylphenidate was developed by the same company. Methylphenidate was felt to be the superior drug for treating ADHD due to its shorter duration of action and more predictable pharmacokinetics, and while desoxypipradrol was researched for other applications (such as facilitation of rapid recovery from anesthesia), its development was not continued. However, the hydroxylated derivative pipradrol was introduced as a clinical drug indicated for depression, narcolepsy and cognitive enhancement in organic dementia.

As with methylphenidate and pipradol, it is thought to act as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), . Of these three piperidines, it is noteworthy that desoxypipradrol has the longest elimination half-life, as it is a highly lipophilic molecule lacking polar functional groups that are typically targeted by metabolic enzymes, giving it an unusually long duration of action when compared to most stimulants. This property combined with its ultra-high potency (starting at 2mg) has given this compound a reputation for being extremely dangerous when abused or mishandled.

Desoxypipradrol is rarely if ever found on the streets, but instead typically sold as a gray market research chemical through online vendors.

clinical data

Desoxypipradrol dosage table

Desoxypipradrol effect progress

Chemistry

Desoxypipradrol is a synthetic stimulant of the substituted piperidine class. It contains a substituted phenethylamine skeleton with an additional phenyl ring bound to Rα. The terminal amino group of the phenethylamine chain is incorporated into a piperidine ring. As a result of lacking polar functional groups it is a highly lipophilic molecule, giving it an extremely long-lasting multi-day duration of action that is rarely observed in stimulant drugs — notably with the exception of MDPV.

Toxicity

Desoxypipradrol may be quantitated in blood, plasma or urine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to provide evidence in a medicolegal death investigation. Blood or plasma desoxypipradrol concentrations are expected to be in a range of 10–50 μg/L in persons using the drug recreationally, >100 μg/L in intoxicated patients and >600 μg/L in victims of acute overdosage.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.

Tolerance

In terms of its tolerance, desoxypipradrol can be used for multiple days in a row for extended periods of time. Acute tolerance to many of the effects of desoxypipradrol develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 – 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 – 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). desoxypipradrol presents cross-tolerance with all dopaminergic stimulants, meaning that after the consumption of desoxypipradrol all stimulants will have a reduced effect.

As with other stimulants, the chronic use of desoxypipradrol can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

User reports suggest that compared to many other stimulants, desoxypipradrol has some unique and atypical hazards that can accompany its misuse — especially when it is eye-balled, not dosed volumetrically, or otherwise handled without the proper degree of caution. Desoxypipradrol, like other stimulants, increases dopamine levels in the brain which can lead to severe manic psychosis in the short-term in addition to persisting dopamine receptor down regulation in the long-term.

Psychosis

User reports indicate that chronic abuse or single exposure overdose of desoxypipradrol can potentially lead to psychosis more readily than the vast majority of stimulants. Psychotic symptoms from desoxypipradrol can include hearing voices, visual hallucinations, urges to harm oneself, severe anxiety, mania, grandiosity, paranoid delusions, confusion, increased aggression, and irritability.

United Kingdom

As of 4 November 2010, the UK Home Office announced a ban on the importation of 2-DPMP, following a recommendation from the ACMD.

Prior to the import ban, desoxypipradrol was sold as a ‘legal high’ in several products, most notably “Ivory wave”. Its use lead to several Emergency Department visits which prompted the UK government to commission a review from the ACMD. One man had ingested nearly 1 gram of the drug which may have been fatal without sedation with an anaesthetic dose of a benzodiazepine administered in accident and emergency.

The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs stated in their report that:

2-DPMP was due to become a class B drug on 28 March 2012, but the bill was scrapped as two steroids deemed not to be abusable were included in the bill but were later recommended to remain uncontrolled. There was a new discussion about its fate on April 23, 2012, where it was decided that the bill would be rewritten and 2-DPMP would still be banned. It was also decided that the bill would be a blanket ban of related chemicals.

Desoxypipradrol was eventually made a class B drug and placed in Schedule I on 13 June 2012. There were no recorded deaths from the drug between the banning of its import and the banning of its possession. “Esters and ethers of pipradrol” were controlled with the same amendment as class C drugs.